Integration / Apache Pulsar Interview questions
How can you optimize BookKeeper storage costs using tiered storage?
Configure an offload threshold (by size or age) at the namespace or topic level so ledger segments older than the threshold are automatically moved from replicated BookKeeper disk to cheaper object storage like S3, without manual intervention once set up.
Choose the threshold deliberately based on actual access patterns: frequently read "hot" data should stay on BookKeeper's low-latency disks, while data rarely accessed except for occasional replay or compliance should be pushed to offload as early as reasonably possible to minimize the replicated-disk footprint.
Because offloaded segments remain transparently readable through the normal topic/consumer APIs, you can safely set aggressive (short) offload thresholds without breaking any existing consumer or replay workflow - the only cost is somewhat higher read latency the rare times older data actually gets accessed.
Combine this with a sensible retention policy: for data you don't need indefinitely, letting it expire and delete outright, rather than retaining and offloading forever, is cheaper still than paying even discounted object storage costs for data nobody will ever read again.
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