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Integration / Apache Pulsar Interview questions

What is the difference between a Tier and a Node in AppDynamics?

These two terms describe different levels of AppDynamics' monitoring hierarchy, and mixing them up is a common source of confusion for people new to the platform.

TierNode
A logical group representing one application role (e.g. "Order Service").A single running instance of that application, e.g. one JVM.
Aggregates metrics across all its nodes.Reports its own individual metrics to the tier.
Stays constant as you scale instances up or down.A new node appears every time you add an instance.
Drawn as one box on the Application Flow Map.Viewed individually inside the tier's node list.

In practice, when you add a fourth server behind your load balancer for the same service, you get a fourth node under the same existing tier — you don't create a new tier for it.

What happens when you add a new instance behind a load balancer for an existing service?
Which one is drawn as a single box on the Application Flow Map?

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Explain about Apache Pulsar. What is AppDynamics? What is Apache Pulsar? What is a Pulsar broker? What is Application Performance Monitoring (APM)? What is Apache BookKeeper? What are the core components of the AppDynamics platform? What is the Controller in AppDynamics? What are tenants and namespaces in Pulsar? What is a topic in Pulsar? What is an App Agent in AppDynamics? What is a producer in Pulsar? What are the types of agents available in AppDynamics? What is a consumer in Pulsar? What is a Business Transaction in AppDynamics? What is a Tier in AppDynamics? What is a subscription in Pulsar? Define a partitioned topic in Pulsar? What is a Node in AppDynamics? What is a Business Application in AppDynamics? What is Pulsar's metadata store used for? What is the Application Flow Map? What are Pulsar Functions? What is Pulsar IO? What is a Health Rule? What is a Policy in AppDynamics? Describe geo-replication in Pulsar? What is a Transaction Snapshot? What is tiered storage in Pulsar? What is a non-persistent topic in Pulsar? Define baseline in AppDynamics? What is the Machine Agent used for? What are the subscription types in Pulsar? What is End User Monitoring (EUM)? What is message retention in Pulsar? What is schema registry in Pulsar? What is Database Visibility in AppDynamics? What are Backends in AppDynamics? List the core components of a Pulsar cluster? How do you create a topic in Pulsar? Describe the Metric Browser in AppDynamics? What is the difference between a Tier and a Node in AppDynamics? What is the difference between Pulsar and Kafka's storage architecture? How does Pulsar separate compute and storage? How does AppDynamics automatically discover Business Transactions? What is the difference between automatic and custom Business Transaction match rules? Why is Pulsar considered multi-tenant by design? What is the difference between Shared and Exclusive subscriptions? How does AppDynamics correlate a transaction across multiple tiers? How does Key_Shared subscription maintain ordering? Why is the singularityheader important in transaction correlation? When should you use Failover subscription instead of Exclusive? How does AppDynamics decide when to capture a transaction snapshot? What is dynamic baselining and how does it work? What is the difference between a ledger and a segment in BookKeeper? How does Pulsar achieve message deduplication? Why does the Java Agent use byte-code instrumentation? Explain the internal working of AppDynamics' byte-code instrumentation? Why do brokers in Pulsar not store data locally? What happens when a broker crashes in Pulsar? What is a Service Endpoint in AppDynamics? How does namespace bundle splitting work? What is an Information Point? What is the difference between backlog quota and retention policy? What is a Data Collector in AppDynamics? When should you use custom match rules instead of automatic discovery? When should you use a Reader instead of a Consumer? How does topic compaction work in Pulsar? What is the difference between Slow, Very Slow, and Stalled transactions? Why is ensemble size different from write quorum in BookKeeper? How does AppDynamics calculate Average Response Time (ART)? What is the difference between the Machine Agent and the Network Agent? What is the difference between persistent and non-persistent topics? How does Pulsar handle delayed message delivery? What is an Adaptive Session in AppDynamics? What happens when a consumer negatively acknowledges a message? What is a thread dump and when does AppDynamics capture one automatically? Explain the lifecycle of a message in Pulsar from produce to acknowledge? How would you troubleshoot a suspected memory leak using AppDynamics? How can you optimize Pulsar for high-throughput workloads? What are custom extensions for the Machine Agent? How do you troubleshoot a growing backlog in Pulsar? 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