What is the purpose of the @Transactional annotation?

@Transactional wraps a method (or every public method in a class) in a database transaction managed by Spring, automatically committing on success and rolling back on an unchecked exception, without you writing any manual begin/commit/rollback calls.

@Service
public class TransferService {
    @Transactional
    public void transfer(Account from, Account to, BigDecimal amount) {
        from.debit(amount);
        to.credit(amount);
    }
}

By default, it only rolls back on unchecked (RuntimeException) exceptions, not checked ones, unless you explicitly configure rollbackFor. Like AOP advice generally, @Transactional relies on proxying, so calling an annotated method from another method in the same class bypasses the proxy and the transaction never actually starts.

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