What is an ApplicationContext?

An ApplicationContext is Spring's central interface for the IoC container - it extends BeanFactory and adds enterprise features on top of basic bean wiring. It reads bean definitions (from annotations, Java @Configuration classes, or XML), creates and wires the beans, and manages their full lifecycle.

Beyond dependency injection, an ApplicationContext provides event publication (ApplicationEventPublisher), internationalization support via MessageSource, environment and property resolution, and automatic registration of BeanPostProcessors. Common implementations include AnnotationConfigApplicationContext for Java-based configuration, and in a Spring Boot app the context is created and refreshed automatically at startup.

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