What are Spring beans?

A Spring bean is simply an object whose creation, configuration, and lifecycle are managed by the Spring IoC container instead of being managed manually by application code. Any plain Java object can become a bean once it's registered with the container, whether through a stereotype annotation like @Component, an explicit @Bean method in a @Configuration class, or XML configuration.

Once registered, the container is responsible for instantiating the bean, injecting its dependencies, applying any BeanPostProcessor logic, and eventually destroying it when the context closes. Beans are identified by a unique name or ID within the container, and by default each singleton-scoped bean is created once and shared everywhere it's injected.

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