What are Spring profiles?

Profiles let you group beans and configuration so that only a chosen subset is active for a given environment - typically dev, test, and prod. A bean marked with @Profile("dev") is only registered when the dev profile is active; it's completely invisible to the container otherwise.

@Bean
@Profile("dev")
public DataSource devDataSource() {
    return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2).build();
}

Active profiles are set via the spring.profiles.active property, an environment variable, or a command-line argument, and multiple profiles can be active at once. This is commonly combined with profile-specific property files, such as application-dev.properties, so each environment gets its own configuration without touching code.

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