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Integration / RabbitMQ Interview Questions

What is the difference between RabbitMQ and ActiveMQ?

RabbitMQ and ActiveMQ are both traditional message brokers, but they come from different ecosystems and make different core trade-offs.

RabbitMQActiveMQ
Written in Erlang; runs on the BEAM VM known for concurrency and fault tolerance.Written in Java; runs on the JVM.
Native protocol AMQP 0-9-1, plus MQTT/STOMP via plugins.Native protocol OpenWire, plus AMQP/MQTT/STOMP support.
Flexible routing via exchange types (direct/fanout/topic/headers).Routing centered on JMS-style queues and topics.
Clustering plus quorum queues (Raft) for HA.ActiveMQ Artemis uses a different HA/replication model than classic ActiveMQ 5.x.

In practice the choice often comes down to ecosystem fit: teams already deep in the JVM/JMS world often lean ActiveMQ (or its successor Artemis), while teams wanting flexible routing across languages often lean RabbitMQ.

RabbitMQ's routing flexibility mainly comes from its:
ActiveMQ is written primarily in:

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What is RabbitMQ? What is a message broker? What is AMQP? What is a queue in RabbitMQ? What is an exchange in RabbitMQ? What are the types of exchanges in RabbitMQ? What is a binding in RabbitMQ? What is a routing key? What is a producer in RabbitMQ? What is a consumer in RabbitMQ? What is the purpose of the RabbitMQ management plugin? What are the types of acknowledgments in RabbitMQ? Define virtual host in RabbitMQ? Describe how RabbitMQ ensures message durability? List the client libraries available for RabbitMQ? How does RabbitMQ differ from Kafka? Why do we use dead-letter exchanges in RabbitMQ? How does RabbitMQ handle message acknowledgment? What is the difference between direct and topic exchange? What happens when a queue has no consumers? How is message persistence achieved in RabbitMQ? Why should you use prefetch count in RabbitMQ? When should you use a fanout exchange? What is the difference between durable and transient queues? How do you implement RPC pattern with RabbitMQ? Why does RabbitMQ use a heartbeat mechanism? What is the difference between RabbitMQ and ActiveMQ? How can you optimize RabbitMQ throughput? When would you choose quorum queues over classic queues? What is the difference between publisher confirms and transactions? Explain the lifecycle of a message in RabbitMQ? Explain the internal working of RabbitMQ clustering? Why doesn't RabbitMQ guarantee message ordering in all cases? How does RabbitMQ handle high availability? Explain the execution flow of a publisher confirm? How do you troubleshoot memory alarms in RabbitMQ? What is the difference between mirrored queues and quorum queues? How does RabbitMQ implement the Raft consensus algorithm in quorum queues? Why is TTL important for queues and messages in RabbitMQ? How do you scale RabbitMQ horizontally? Explain the internal working of the RabbitMQ shovel plugin? What is the difference between federation and shovel in RabbitMQ? How does RabbitMQ handle network partitions in a cluster? Explain the lifecycle of a consumer connection and channel? How do you troubleshoot unacknowledged message buildup in RabbitMQ?
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