Why should you use prefetch count in RabbitMQ?

Prefetch count (set via basic.qos) limits how many unacknowledged messages RabbitMQ will push to a consumer at once, instead of flooding it with the entire queue.

Without a limit, a fast producer can hand a slow consumer thousands of messages it hasn't even started processing yet, which:

• wastes memory buffering unprocessed work on the consumer side,
• causes uneven load when several consumers share a queue, since one consumer can hog most of the backlog,
• increases the blast radius if that consumer crashes, since all of its unacked messages get redelivered at once.

A small prefetch value (often 1 for slow/expensive jobs, higher for lightweight ones) keeps work spread fairly across consumers and keeps memory bounded.

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