Describe how RabbitMQ ensures message durability?

Message durability in RabbitMQ depends on three things working together, and missing any one of them breaks the guarantee.

1. The queue must be declared durable so its definition survives a broker restart.
2. The message must be published with delivery_mode = 2 (persistent), so its body is written to disk, not just kept in memory.
3. The producer should use publisher confirms so it only considers the message safe once the broker has actually confirmed the write.

For higher availability than a single node's disk can offer, quorum queues replicate the message to a majority of nodes via the Raft protocol before acknowledging it, protecting against the loss of any single node.

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