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How does SSL/TLS secure communication over the network?

SSL/TLS secures communication by combining asymmetric encryption for authentication and key exchange with symmetric encryption for the actual data transfer, wrapped around every request between a client and server.

  • The server presents a digital certificate signed by a trusted Certificate Authority to prove its identity
  • Client and server negotiate a shared symmetric session key using asymmetric cryptography
  • All subsequent data is encrypted with that session key, protecting confidentiality and integrity
  • A message authentication code detects any tampering with data in transit

TLS has evolved through several versions; TLS 1.3, the current standard, removed outdated cipher suites and reduced the handshake to fewer round trips, making connections both faster and more secure than TLS 1.2.

What proves a server's identity during a TLS connection?
What is an advantage of TLS 1.3 over TLS 1.2?

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