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Web / NGINX Interview questions

Define a virtual host in NGINX?

In NGINX, a virtual host is implemented as a server block that responds to a specific server_name, IP, and port combination. It lets one physical machine host multiple distinct websites.

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name shop.example.com;
    root /var/www/shop;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name blog.example.com;
    root /var/www/blog;
}

When a request arrives, NGINX inspects the Host header and matches it against each server block's server_name values, serving content from whichever block matches - or a designated default server block if none do.

What NGINX construct implements the concept of a virtual host?
If no server_name matches the incoming Host header, what does NGINX do?

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