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Spring / Spring Retry Interview Questions

How does Spring Retry integrate with Spring Batch?

Spring Batch has first-class integration with Spring Retry at the step level. When configuring a Step, you can specify retry behavior on the StepBuilder so that item processing failures trigger automatic retries before the item is sent to the skip list or causes the step to fail.

Step-level retry configuration:

@Bean
public Step processStep(JobRepository jobRepository,
                         PlatformTransactionManager txManager,
                         ItemReader<Order> reader,
                         ItemProcessor<Order, Invoice> processor,
                         ItemWriter<Invoice> writer) {
    return new StepBuilder("processStep", jobRepository)
        .<Order, Invoice>chunk(10, txManager)
        .reader(reader)
        .processor(processor)
        .writer(writer)
        .faultTolerant()
        .retry(TransientDataAccessException.class)
        .retryLimit(3)
        .build();
}

Key points about Spring Batch + Spring Retry integration:

  • .faultTolerant() must be called to enable retry and skip features on the step.
  • Retry in Spring Batch is stateful: each chunk transaction rolls back on failure, and the failed item is retried in a subsequent transaction.
  • You can combine retry and skip: after retryLimit failures on one item, it moves to the skip list (if skip is also configured).
  • Spring Batch uses RetryTemplate internally and exposes configuration through the fluent StepBuilder API.
Which StepBuilder method must be called to enable retry in a Spring Batch step?
How does Spring Batch handle a failed item that exceeds its retryLimit?

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What is Spring Retry and why is it used? How do you add Spring Retry to a Spring Boot project? What is the @Retryable annotation and what are its key attributes? What is the @Recover annotation and when is it invoked? What is the @Backoff annotation and how does it control retry delays? What is RetryTemplate and how does it differ from annotation-based retry? What are the different retry policies available in Spring Retry? What is a BackOffPolicy in Spring Retry and what implementations are available? What is a RetryContext and what information does it carry? How does the RetryListener interface work in Spring Retry? How does Spring Retry implement the circuit breaker pattern? What is stateful retry in Spring Retry and when should it be used? How do you configure Spring Retry using application properties in Spring Boot? What is the difference between include and exclude in @Retryable? How does Spring Retry integrate with Spring Batch? What common pitfalls should you avoid when using @Retryable? How do you write a unit test for a @Retryable method? How does Spring Retry handle exceptions that are not in the retryFor list? What is the RetryOperationsInterceptor and how is it used? How can you use Spring Retry with Spring WebClient or RestTemplate? How does the ExceptionClassifierRetryPolicy work? What is the RetryCallback interface in Spring Retry? How does Spring Retry differ from Resilience4j Retry? What is the RetryContextCache and when do you need a custom implementation? Can Spring Retry be used with Spring Cloud OpenFeign? How? How do you implement a custom RetryPolicy in Spring Retry? How do you use Spring Retry with Spring Kafka consumers? What is the proxyTargetClass attribute in @EnableRetry? How does the CompositeRetryPolicy work in Spring Retry? What is the difference between retry and idempotency? Why does it matter? How do you configure Spring Retry to use a fixed backoff programmatically? What is the maxAttemptsExpression attribute and how does it differ from maxAttempts? How does Spring Retry integrate with Spring's @Transactional? What is the use of the recover attribute in @Retryable? What are transient vs permanent failures and why does the distinction matter for retry? How do you implement retry with a custom exception condition using RetryPolicy? How does Spring Retry handle the case when @Recover returns void? What is exponential backoff with jitter and why is it preferred over plain exponential backoff? How can you monitor and observe Spring Retry behavior in production? What is the difference between RetryTemplate.execute() and RetryTemplate.executeWithLoadBalancer()?
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