Testing / Selenium Interview questions

What is the difference between @BeforeMethod and @BeforeClass in TestNG?

Both are TestNG setup annotations, but they run at different scopes within a test class.

@BeforeMethod	@BeforeClass
Runs before every single @Test method	Runs once before any @Test method in the class
Good for launching a fresh browser per test	Good for one-time setup shared across all tests in the class

A typical pattern uses @BeforeClass for something genuinely expensive and safe to share, like reading configuration, and @BeforeMethod to instantiate a new WebDriver before each test - since reusing one browser session across many tests risks leftover state (cookies, open modals) leaking from one test into the next, similar to the isolation problem Selenium tests need to guard against manually that other frameworks solve automatically through fresh contexts.

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@BeforeMethod runs: Once per class

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Before every individual @Test method

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Only after all tests finish

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Reusing one browser session across many tests risks: Faster execution with no downsides

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Leftover state leaking between tests

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Nothing - Selenium isolates state automatically

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