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Testing / Selenium Interview questions

How does Selenium handle multiple windows and tabs?

Selenium tracks open browser windows/tabs by string handles, and driver.getWindowHandle() returns the handle for the currently focused one, while driver.getWindowHandles() returns the handles of all open windows in that session.

String original = driver.getWindowHandle();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Open new tab")).click();

for (String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
    if (!handle.equals(original)) {
        driver.switchTo().window(handle);
        break;
    }
}

Unlike frameworks with an event-based "new page" notification, Selenium requires manually diffing the handle sets before and after the action that opens the new window, then explicitly calling switchTo().window() to move WebDriver's focus - all subsequent commands target whichever window was last switched to.

Closing a secondary window doesn't automatically return focus to the original one either - after calling driver.close() on the popup, the original handle must still be passed to switchTo().window() explicitly before continuing.

Selenium identifies each open window/tab using:
Moving WebDriver's command focus to a different window requires:

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