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Database / Mnesia basics Interview questions

What is a Mnesia node?

In Mnesia's context, a "node" is simply an Erlang node (a running BEAM instance with a name) that participates in a Mnesia database, either holding copies of tables directly or just being schema-aware of the cluster. A single logical Mnesia database can span several such nodes, all coordinating table replication and transactions between them.

mnesia:create_schema([nodea@host1, nodeb@host2]),
mnesia:create_table(person,
    [{disc_copies, [nodea@host1, nodeb@host2]},
     {attributes, [id, name, age]}]).

Which nodes hold a copy of a given table is decided per-table via the storage type options (ram_copies, disc_copies, disc_only_copies), and a node doesn't need to hold every table in the schema — you can have some nodes replicate only a subset of tables relevant to their role, while still being part of the same overall Mnesia cluster.

What is a 'node' in the context of Mnesia?
Does every node in a Mnesia cluster need to hold a copy of every table?

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What is Mnesia? What is a Mnesia table? What are the storage types available for a Mnesia table? What is a Mnesia schema? How do you create a Mnesia schema? How do you create a Mnesia table? What is a Mnesia transaction? How do you write a record to a Mnesia table? How do you read a record from a Mnesia table? What are dirty operations in Mnesia? What is mnesia:dirty_read/1? What is a Mnesia record? How do you delete a record from a Mnesia table? What is the purpose of mnesia:start/0? How do you stop Mnesia? What are the Mnesia table types (set, ordered_set, bag)? What is a Mnesia index? How do you add a secondary index to a Mnesia table? What is mnesia:info/0 used for? How do you check if Mnesia is running? What is the Mnesia directory (Mnesia.dir)? What is the primary key in a Mnesia table? What is mnesia:select/2 used for? What is record_info used for when creating a Mnesia table? What are the attributes of a Mnesia table? What is a Mnesia node? How do you replicate a table across multiple Mnesia nodes? What is mnesia:table_info/2 used for? Describe the difference between a Mnesia table and an ETS table? Why should Mnesia operations generally run inside a transaction? When should you use dirty operations instead of a transaction? What is the difference between ram_copies and disc_copies? What is disc_only_copies and when would you use it? What happens to a disc_copies table when its node restarts? How do you change a table's storage type at runtime? What is a Mnesia table lock and how does it work? How does Mnesia keep replicated tables consistent across nodes? How do you migrate a Mnesia record definition when its fields change? What is mnesia:transform_table/3 used for? When should you choose bag over set for a Mnesia table? How do you back up a Mnesia database? How do you restore a Mnesia database from a backup? Explain the lifecycle of a Mnesia transaction from start to commit? How do you troubleshoot a Mnesia table stuck in the "loading" state? What is mnesia:force_load_table/1 and when should you use it? What is the difference between mnesia:read/1 and mnesia:wread/1? What is a Mnesia checkpoint used for? How does Mnesia resolve conflicts after a network partition heals?
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