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Explain CAP theorem.

The CAP theorem, also known as Brewer's theorem, states that it is impossible for a distributed data store to simultaneously provide more than two out of the following three guarantees:

Consistency: Every read receives the most recent write or an error.

Availability: Every request receives a (non-error) response without guarantee that it contains the most recent write.

Partition tolerance: The system continues to operate despite an arbitrary number of messages being dropped (or delayed) by the network between nodes.

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