What is Open SQL in ABAP?

Open SQL is ABAP's built-in, database-independent subset of SQL for reading and writing database tables — syntactically similar to standard SQL, but processed by the ABAP runtime layer rather than being passed directly to the underlying database engine, which is exactly what lets the same ABAP code run unchanged whether the database underneath is HANA, Oracle, or SQL Server.

SELECT kunnr, name1 FROM kna1
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_customers)
  WHERE land1 = 'US'.

Because Open SQL is interpreted by ABAP's own database interface layer, it also integrates with SAP's authorization checks and buffering mechanisms automatically, and its syntax deliberately avoids database-specific extensions that would break portability — the tradeoff for that portability is that some advanced, database-specific SQL features aren't available through Open SQL alone.

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