What is a selection screen in ABAP?

A selection screen is the input screen a classical report program automatically displays before running, letting the user specify parameters (like a date range or a specific customer ID) that control what data the report selects and processes — declared with PARAMETERS and SELECT-OPTIONS statements.

REPORT z_customer_report.

PARAMETERS: p_land TYPE land1 DEFAULT 'US'.
SELECT-OPTIONS: s_kunnr FOR kna1-kunnr.

START-OF-SELECTION.
  SELECT * FROM kna1 INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_customers)
    WHERE land1 = @p_land AND kunnr IN @s_kunnr.

SAP automatically generates the actual screen (labels, input fields, a "range" selection widget for SELECT-OPTIONS) just from these declarations — the developer doesn't need to manually design the screen layout for a basic selection screen, which is a significant convenience compared to building a fully custom input screen from scratch.

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