What is a function module in ABAP?

A function module is a reusable block of ABAP code with a defined interface (import parameters, export parameters, exceptions) that can be called from many different programs — similar in spirit to a function or procedure in general-purpose programming, but managed and callable through SAP's own function library (transaction SE37).

CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_CUSTOMER_GETLIST'
  EXPORTING
    idmax_rows = 100
  TABLES
    customer_list = lt_customers.

Function modules provide a standardized way to package reusable logic, complete with formally declared parameters and exception handling, and thousands of standard ones are delivered by SAP itself covering countless common operations, meaning developers frequently call existing SAP-delivered function modules rather than reimplementing standard logic from scratch.

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