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Python / Python Modern Generative AI and Agents Interview Questions

What document loaders does LangChain provide, and how do you handle different file types in a RAG pipeline?

A RAG system is only as good as the documents it can ingest. LangChain provides over 100 document loaders for web pages, PDFs, Word files, databases, code repositories, spreadsheets, and cloud storage. Every loader returns a list of Document objects with page_content (the text) and metadata (source, page number, etc.).

from langchain_community.document_loaders import (
    PyPDFLoader,
    UnstructuredWordDocumentLoader,
    WebBaseLoader,
    CSVLoader,
    DirectoryLoader,
    GitLoader,
)

# ── PDF (page-by-page)
pdf_loader = PyPDFLoader('report.pdf')
pdf_docs   = pdf_loader.load()        # list of Document, one per page
print(pdf_docs[0].page_content[:200])
print(pdf_docs[0].metadata)           # {'source': 'report.pdf', 'page': 0}

# ── Web page
web_loader = WebBaseLoader(
    web_paths=['https://lilianweng.github.io/posts/2023-06-23-agent/'],
    bs_kwargs={'features': 'html.parser'},
)
web_docs = web_loader.load()

# ── CSV with custom column for content
csv_loader = CSVLoader(
    file_path='products.csv',
    content_columns=['description'],
    metadata_columns=['id', 'category'],
)
csv_docs = csv_loader.load()

# ── Load an entire directory (auto-detect file types)
dir_loader = DirectoryLoader(
    './docs',
    glob='**/*.pdf',    # only PDF files
    loader_cls=PyPDFLoader,
    show_progress=True,
    use_multithreading=True,
)
all_docs = dir_loader.load()

# ── Code repository
git_loader = GitLoader(
    repo_path='/local/path/to/repo',
    branch='main',
    file_filter=lambda path: path.endswith('.py'),
)
code_docs = git_loader.load()

# After loading, split all docs the same way regardless of source
from langchain_text_splitters import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=1000, chunk_overlap=200)
chunks = splitter.split_documents(all_docs)
print(f'Total chunks: {len(chunks)}')

Why does PyPDFLoader return one Document per page rather than one Document per file?
What information does the metadata field in a LangChain Document contain and why is it important?

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