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Hibernate / Hibernate 7 Basics Interview Questions

What are named queries in Hibernate 7 and how are they type-safe with TypedQueryReference?

Named queries are pre-defined HQL/SQL queries. Hibernate 7 (Jakarta Persistence 3.2) adds TypedQueryReference for type-safe, compile-time references via the static metamodel.

@Entity
@NamedQuery(
    name="Product.findByCategory",
    query="FROM Product p WHERE p.category = :category ORDER BY p.price ASC"
)
public class Product {
    @Id private Long id;
    private String name;
    private String category;
}

// Traditional way (error-prone string reference):
List<Product> p = session
    .createNamedQuery("Product.findByCategory", Product.class)
    .setParameter("category", "electronics")
    .getResultList();
// Typo in "Product.findByCategory" = runtime exception!

// Jakarta Persistence 3.2 / Hibernate 7:
// TypedQueryReference in static metamodel:
// Product_: public static final TypedQueryReference<Product> QUERY_FIND_BY_CATEGORY;

List<Product> p2 = session
    .createQuery(Product_.QUERY_FIND_BY_CATEGORY)  // compile-time safe!
    .setParameter("category", "electronics")
    .getResultList();
// Renaming the named query = compile error, not runtime exception!

What problem does TypedQueryReference solve for named queries?
Where are @NamedQuery annotations typically placed in Hibernate 7?

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