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Hibernate / Hibernate 7 Basics Interview Questions

What is the Hibernate SessionFactory and how do you create one?

The SessionFactory is the central, thread-safe, immutable configuration object. It is expensive to create and should be instantiated once per application lifecycle.

Configuration config = new Configuration();
config.setProperty("hibernate.connection.url", "jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/mydb");
config.setProperty("hibernate.connection.username", "user");
config.setProperty("hibernate.connection.password", "secret");
config.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect");
config.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "validate");
config.setProperty("hibernate.show_sql", "true");

config.addAnnotatedClass(Product.class);
config.addAnnotatedClass(Order.class);

// Build once, reuse everywhere:
SessionFactory sf = config.buildSessionFactory();

// Usage:
try (Session session = sf.openSession()) {
    session.beginTransaction();
    // operations
    session.getTransaction().commit();
}

What is the correct pattern for using a Hibernate SessionFactory in production?
What does hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=validate do?

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