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Hibernate / Hibernate 7 Basics Interview Questions

How does Hibernate 7 handle primary key generation strategies?

Primary key generation is controlled by @GeneratedValue. Hibernate 7 supports all four JPA strategies plus UUID as a first-class feature.

@GeneratedValue strategies
StrategyHow it worksBest for
IDENTITYDB auto-increment (SERIAL/AUTO_INCREMENT)Simple setups; disables JDBC batch inserts
SEQUENCEUses DB sequence; Hibernate batches allocationPostgreSQL, Oracle; supports batch inserts
TABLESimulates sequence with a special tablePortable but slow
AUTOHibernate picks best strategyQuick prototyping
UUIDGenerates UUID as PKDistributed systems
// IDENTITY:
@Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;

// SEQUENCE (recommended for batch inserts):
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE, generator = "product_seq")
@SequenceGenerator(name="product_seq", sequenceName="product_id_seq", allocationSize=50)
private Long id;

// UUID (first-class in Hibernate 7):
@Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.UUID)
private UUID id;

// Time-based UUID v7:
@Id @UuidGenerator(style = UuidGenerator.Style.TIME)
private UUID id;

Why does GenerationType.IDENTITY disable JDBC batch inserts in Hibernate 7?
Which GenerationType is recommended for PostgreSQL to maximise bulk insert performance?

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