What is MarkupBuilder in Groovy?

MarkupBuilder is a Groovy class that lets you generate XML (or HTML) output using ordinary Groovy method-call syntax instead of manually assembling and escaping markup strings by hand.

Each nested method call in the builder's closure corresponds to a nested tag - for example, calling books { book(title: 'Groovy in Action') } inside a MarkupBuilder produces the equivalent nested XML elements with the given attributes.

It's a concrete example of Groovy's builder pattern support, made possible by the language's flexible method-call and closure syntax rather than requiring a separate templating engine.

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