What are reference lines and reference bands in Tableau?

Reference lines and reference bands add a fixed benchmark directly onto a chart, so viewers can immediately see how actual values compare to a target, average, or acceptable range without doing mental math.

Right-click the axis -> Add Reference Line
-> Value: Average of SUM(Sales)
-> Label: show value + computation

• A reference line is a single horizontal or vertical line, typically showing a constant, an average, a median, or a percentile.
• A reference band shades the area between two values (e.g. between the min and max, or plus/minus one standard deviation), highlighting an acceptable range rather than a single point.
• Both can be scoped to the entire table, a pane, or per cell, so a "per-region average" line is possible alongside data broken out by region.

These are especially effective on dashboards meant for quick decision-making: a sales chart with a target reference line lets a viewer instantly see which regions are over or under target, without needing a separate number or table to compare against.

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