What is a Level of Detail (LOD) expression?

An LOD expression lets you compute an aggregation at a level of detail that's different from the granularity of the view itself — something neither a normal calculated field nor a table calculation can do on their own.

{ FIXED [Customer ID] : SUM([Sales]) }
{ INCLUDE [Order ID] : SUM([Profit]) }
{ EXCLUDE [Sub-Category] : AVG([Discount]) }

• FIXED: computes the aggregation at exactly the dimensions listed, ignoring whatever's in the view.
• INCLUDE: computes at a finer level than the view by adding extra dimensions, useful inside calculations that need row-level detail temporarily.
• EXCLUDE: computes at a coarser level than the view by removing dimensions the view would otherwise use.

A classic example is "total sales per customer, shown alongside order-level rows" — a normal SUM([Sales]) would just repeat the order's own value, but { FIXED [Customer ID] : SUM([Sales]) } computes the true customer-level total and repeats that same total across every one of that customer's orders, regardless of how granular the view is.

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