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SAP / SAP Mid Level (3 to 8 yrs) Interview questions

What is SAP Fiori and how does it differ from classical SAP GUI?

SAP Fiori is SAP's modern, browser-based (and mobile-responsive) user experience design system and set of applications, built around consistent design principles and running on standard web technologies (SAPUI5/HTML5), replacing the older, more rigid screen-and-field SAP GUI transactions for many use cases.

SAP GUISAP Fiori
Desktop client application; dense, transaction-oriented screens. Browser-based, responsive; role-based, task-focused apps.
Built primarily on classical dynpro screen technology. Built on SAPUI5/HTML5, often backed by OData services.
Optimized for expert users running many transactions. Optimized for simplicity, mobile access, and specific tasks.

Fiori apps typically consume OData services (frequently RAP-generated) as their data source, making it the natural frontend counterpart to the CDS View/RAP backend architecture covered elsewhere — the two are usually discussed together since a modern SAP feature typically spans both the Fiori frontend and the CDS/RAP/OData backend that powers it.

What technology is SAP Fiori primarily built on, compared to SAP GUI's dynpro screens?
What backend data source do Fiori apps typically consume?

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What is SAP HANA and why is it described as an in-memory database? How does in-memory processing improve performance compared to traditional disk-based databases? Explain the difference between row store and column store in HANA? Why does HANA favor columnar storage for analytical workloads? What is code-to-data pushdown in the context of HANA? Why should business logic be pushed down to the database layer in HANA-based applications? What is the difference between OLTP and OLAP workloads, and how does HANA handle both? Explain the internal working of HANA's in-memory computing engine? What is columnar storage and how does it differ from row-based storage? When is column store preferred over row store in HANA? How does data compression work in HANA's columnar storage? Explain how columnar storage improves aggregation query performance? What is a delta store in HANA's columnar storage architecture? How does HANA merge delta store data into the main store? What are CDS Views in SAP? Why are CDS Views considered a shift from classical ABAP data modeling? What is the difference between a CDS View and a classical ABAP view? Explain the concept of code pushdown in CDS Views? What are associations in CDS Views? What is the difference between an association and a JOIN in CDS Views? What are annotations in CDS Views and why are they important? How do you expose a CDS View as an OData service? What is the difference between a basic/interface CDS View and a consumption CDS View? How do you troubleshoot performance issues in a CDS View? What is the RAP (RESTful ABAP Programming) model? What is the difference between RAP and the classical ABAP programming model? What is a behavior definition in RAP? What is the difference between managed and unmanaged RAP scenarios? What is the CAP (Cloud Application Programming) model? What is the difference between RAP and CAP? Explain the architecture of a typical RAP-based Fiori application? How do you implement validations and determinations in RAP? What is OData and why is it used in SAP? Explain the difference between OData V2 and OData V4? What is an OData service in the context of SAP Fiori/Gateway? How do you expose backend data as an OData service? What is the role of SAP Gateway in OData service implementation? Explain the CRUD operations supported by OData services? How do you troubleshoot a failing OData service call? What is metadata in an OData service and why does it matter? What is SAP Fiori and how does it differ from classical SAP GUI? What are Fiori design principles? What is the difference between SAPUI5 and Fiori? How do you debug a SAP Fiori application? What is SAP Activate methodology? What are the Explore and Realize phases in SAP Activate? How does SAP Activate differ from the classical ASAP methodology? What is a fit-to-standard workshop in the Explore phase?
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