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SAP / SAP Mid Level (3 to 8 yrs) Interview questions

What is the difference between OLTP and OLAP workloads, and how does HANA handle both?

OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) workloads are characterized by many small, frequent read/write operations on individual records — creating a sales order, updating a stock level. OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) workloads involve fewer, larger queries that scan and aggregate across huge volumes of data — a quarterly sales report across every region and product line.

OLTPOLAP
Many small transactions on individual rows. Fewer, large aggregate queries across many rows.
Traditionally favors row store.Traditionally favors column store.
Example: creating a sales order.Example: quarterly sales report by region.

Traditional architectures typically needed a separate data warehouse for OLAP, fed by nightly batch loads from the OLTP system, since the two workloads had conflicting performance characteristics. HANA's speed and columnar storage let it handle both directly against the same live data, which is the foundation of SAP's pitch for S/4HANA eliminating the need for a separate reporting/warehouse system for many use cases.

What characterizes an OLTP workload?
What traditionally required a separate data warehouse fed by nightly batch loads?

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