Java / Quarkus Interview questions
What is GraalVM in the context of Quarkus?
GraalVM is a high-performance JDK distribution that includes a native-image tool capable of ahead-of-time (AOT) compiling a Java application into a standalone native executable, and Quarkus uses it as the engine behind its native compilation mode.
Instead of the traditional JVM approach — loading bytecode, JIT-compiling hot paths as the application runs — GraalVM's native-image tool performs static analysis across the whole application at build time, determines what code paths are actually reachable, and emits a self-contained binary with no separate JVM required to run it.
Because that analysis and compilation happen once at build time rather than every time the process starts, the resulting native executable skips class loading and JIT warm-up entirely at startup, which is the core reason Quarkus native-mode applications start in milliseconds instead of seconds.
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