What are GitLab CI/CD artifacts and how do you use them?

Artifacts are files and directories that a job produces and saves after it finishes. They serve two purposes: downloading results from the GitLab UI, and passing files between jobs in subsequent stages.

build-job:
  stage: build
  script:
    - npm ci
    - npm run build           # creates dist/ directory
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - dist/                 # save entire dist directory
      - coverage/report.html  # save a specific file
    exclude:
      - dist/**/*.map         # exclude sourcemap files
    expire_in: 1 week        # auto-delete after 1 week (default: 30 days)
    when: always             # save artifacts even if job fails

test-job:
  stage: test
  script:
    - ls dist/               # artifacts from build-job are available here!
    - npm test
  dependencies:
    - build-job              # explicitly specify which artifacts to download

# JUnit test reports (display inline in MR UI)
test-with-report:
  stage: test
  script:
    - pytest --junitxml=report.xml
  artifacts:
    reports:
      junit: report.xml

Automatic download: by default, jobs automatically download artifacts from all jobs in preceding stages. Use dependencies: [] to opt out, or list specific jobs to download from.

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