AI / Apache Paimon Interview questions
What are Sorted Runs in a Paimon LSM tree?
A sorted run is one or more data files where records are sorted by primary key, and, crucially, primary key ranges never overlap within the same sorted run. Each data file belongs to exactly one sorted run.
Different sorted runs, however, can and do have overlapping key ranges — the same key might even appear in several sorted runs at once. That's why querying the LSM tree means combining every sorted run and merging any records that share a primary key, using the table's merge engine and the timestamp/order of each record, rather than reading a single file straight through.
Within a single sorted run, primary key ranges across data files:
Different sorted runs in the same LSM tree can:
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