API / Apache FreeMarker Interview questions

What is the purpose of the #import directive?

<#import "/lib/utils.ftl" as utils> loads another template as a reusable library and binds its top-level variables and macros to a namespace variable - here, utils. Anything the imported template defines at its top level, such as <#macro formatDate>, becomes accessible as <@utils.formatDate .../>.

<#import "/lib/format.ftl" as fmt>
${fmt.money(total)}

Unlike #include, which pastes output inline and shares the caller's namespace, #import keeps the library's definitions in their own named namespace object, which avoids naming collisions and makes a template behave like a proper module of macros and functions.

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What does <#import "/lib/format.ftl" as fmt> create?A new Configuration instance

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An inline copy of format.ftl's rendered output

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A database connection named fmt

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A namespace object called fmt exposing that template's top-level macros/variables

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Why is #import generally preferred over #include for sharing macro libraries?#import is faster because it skips parsing entirely

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#include cannot be used with macros at all

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#import automatically escapes all HTML output

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It isolates definitions in a namespace, avoiding naming collisions

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What is the purpose of interpolation (${...}) in FreeMarker? List the comparison operators supported in FreeMarker? What are the main use cases of FreeMarker? What are the types in FreeMarker's data model? How do you use the #assign directive? Describe the built-ins available in FreeMarker? How do you access static Java members (static methods, fields, and enum constants) from a FreeMarker template? What is Apache FreeMarker? What is the purpose of the FreeMarker Configuration object? What is the difference between FreeMarker's #switch/#case and a chain of #if/#elseif directives? What is the purpose of the <#if> directive? What are the types of loops available in FreeMarker? What is the difference between #assign and #local? How do you apply default values for missing variables in FreeMarker? Why doesn't FreeMarker allow templates unrestricted access to Java reflection and side-effecting method calls? What is the purpose of the incompatible_improvements setting? Define directive in FreeMarker? Which is generally the better choice for a new project today, FreeMarker or Velocity, and why? What is a FreeMarker template? What is the purpose of the #include directive?

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