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Database / ValKey Interview questions

How do you monitor Valkey performance in production?

INFO is the quickest built-in check, surfacing memory usage, replication state, connected-client counts, and command statistics in one call, while LATENCY HISTORY/LATENCY DOCTOR and SLOWLOG GET zero in on specific latency problems and slow commands.

For continuous observability, exporters that feed Prometheus and Grafana, including Valkey's own official performance dashboards, track throughput and latency trends across versions over time, while the COMMANDLOG container introduced in Valkey 9.0 adds structured, per-command logging.

In Cluster deployments, CLUSTER INFO and SLOT-STATS are particularly useful for spotting hot or unevenly loaded slots before they become a bottleneck.

A quick built-in way to see memory, replication, and stats sections at once is...
SLOT-STATS is particularly useful for...

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What is Valkey? What is the purpose of Valkey? What are the data types supported by Valkey? How do you install Valkey on a Linux server? Define Valkey persistence? What is RDB persistence in Valkey? What is AOF persistence in Valkey? Describe Valkey replication? List the eviction policies supported by Valkey? What is the purpose of Valkey Sentinel? What is Valkey Cluster? How do you apply a TTL to a key in Valkey? What is the purpose of the valkey.conf configuration file? How do you use the Valkey CLI to connect to a remote, password-protected server? Explain the basic architecture of a Valkey server? Why was Valkey created? Why do we use Valkey instead of Redis? What is the difference between Valkey and Redis? How does Valkey Cluster achieve horizontal scaling through hash slots? How does Valkey handle automatic failover in Sentinel mode? When should you choose Valkey Cluster over Sentinel? What is the difference between RDB and AOF persistence? How can you optimize memory usage in Valkey? How do you troubleshoot high latency in a Valkey deployment? Explain the lifecycle of a command from a Valkey client to execution and response? Explain the execution flow of primary-replica replication in Valkey? Explain the internal working of the Valkey single-threaded event loop? Why doesn't Valkey execute commands using multiple threads by default? What happens when a primary node fails in a Valkey Cluster? Which is better and why: Valkey Cluster or client-side sharding? How does Valkey implement publish/subscribe messaging? What is the difference between LPUSH and RPUSH? How do you use Valkey Streams for event processing? What are Valkey modules and how do you load one? How does Valkey handle expired key deletion internally? What is the difference between Valkey and Memcached? How do you secure a Valkey deployment in production? What is the role of ACLs in Valkey? How does Valkey handle memory fragmentation? What is the difference between WAIT and replica acknowledgment in Valkey? How do you perform a zero-downtime Valkey version upgrade? Explain the internal working of Valkey's hash slot mechanism in cluster mode? How do you troubleshoot a split-brain scenario with Valkey Sentinel? Explain the difference between Valkey Cluster mode and standalone mode? How does Valkey achieve high availability? What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous replication in Valkey? How do you monitor Valkey performance in production? Explain the internal working of Valkey's LRU and LFU eviction algorithms? Why should you avoid running the KEYS command in production? How does Valkey's multi-threaded I/O model improve throughput over classic single-threading?
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