DevOps / GitHub Actions Interview Questions

What is the GitHub Actions Marketplace and how do you find and use actions from it?

The GitHub Actions Marketplace (github.com/marketplace?type=actions) is a public catalogue of reusable actions published by GitHub, major vendors, and the open-source community. At the time of writing it hosts tens of thousands of actions covering everything from language setup (actions/setup-node, actions/setup-java) to cloud deployments, code scanning, notifications, and release automation.

To use a Marketplace action, copy its uses: reference from the Marketplace page into your workflow step:

steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
    with:
      java-version: '21'
      distribution: 'temurin'

The reference format is owner/repo@ref where ref can be a semantic version tag (@v4), a specific commit SHA (@abc1234), or a branch (@main). Pinning to a specific commit SHA is the most secure option because a tag can be moved, while a SHA cannot.

Actions can declare typed inputs (passed via with:) and produce outputs that downstream steps can reference via steps.<id>.outputs.<name>. Before using a third-party action in a production workflow you should review its source code and check that it is maintained, has a published release, and comes from a reputable publisher (GitHub's "Verified Creator" badge helps here).

Take quiz

What is the most secure way to pin a third-party action in a workflow? Use the latest branch: uses: owner/repo@main

✗ Try again — not quite right.

Use a full commit SHA: uses: owner/repo@abc1234...

✓ Well done — that is correct!

Use a major version tag: uses: owner/repo@v3

✗ Try again — not quite right.

Omit the ref to always get the newest version

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How do you pass configuration values to a Marketplace action in a step? Via the env: key on the step

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Via the with: key on the step

✓ Well done — that is correct!

Via the args: key on the step

✗ Try again — not quite right.

Via the params: key on the step

✗ Try again — not quite right.

More Related questions...

What is GitHub Actions and what problems does it solve? What are the key components of GitHub Actions — workflows, jobs, steps, actions, and runners? How is a GitHub Actions workflow file structured, and where must it be placed? What are workflow triggers (on:) and which event types does GitHub Actions support? What is the difference between push, pull_request, and workflow_dispatch triggers? What are jobs in GitHub Actions, and how do they run in parallel by default? What are steps, and what is the difference between run: and uses: in a step? What are runners, and what is the difference between GitHub-hosted and self-hosted runners? What is the GitHub Actions Marketplace and how do you find and use actions from it? How do you use the actions/checkout action and what does it do? How do you pass environment variables and secrets to a GitHub Actions workflow? What is the difference between the env:, secrets:, and vars: contexts in GitHub Actions? How do you cache dependencies in GitHub Actions using actions/cache? How do you use matrix builds in GitHub Actions to test across multiple environments? How do you control job execution order in GitHub Actions using needs:? How do you share data between steps within a job using step outputs? How do you share build artifacts between jobs using actions/upload-artifact and actions/download-artifact? What are reusable workflows in GitHub Actions and how do you call them? What are composite actions and when should you choose them over reusable workflows? How do you set up a Docker container service for integration tests using services: in GitHub Actions? How do you use conditional steps with if: in GitHub Actions? What are the key GitHub Actions expression contexts and what information does each provide? How do you use concurrency groups to cancel outdated workflow runs in GitHub Actions? What is the GITHUB_TOKEN and what permissions does it have? How do you trigger one GitHub Actions workflow from another using workflow_run? How do you write a custom JavaScript action for GitHub Actions? How do you write a custom Docker container action for GitHub Actions? How do you implement a complete CI/CD pipeline for a container image in GitHub Actions — build, push to a registry, and deploy? How do you implement path filtering so a workflow only runs when specific files change? How do you debug failing GitHub Actions workflows — enabling debug logging and using tmate? How do you implement branch protection rules with required GitHub Actions status checks? How do you handle large monorepos with multiple services in GitHub Actions? What are OpenID Connect (OIDC) tokens in GitHub Actions and how do they replace long-lived cloud credentials? How do you prevent secret exposure and follow security hardening best practices in GitHub Actions? What are the key differences between GitHub Actions, Jenkins, and GitLab CI?

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