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API / Apache Grails Interview questions

What is the difference between Grails 7 and Grails 8?

As of mid-2026, Grails 7.x is the current "Active Development" line that most production applications should be running, while Grails 8 is still in its milestone/preview stage, targeting a modernized dependency stack rather than a fundamentally different programming model.

Grails 7.xGrails 8
Current stable, "Active Development" lineIn milestone/preview releases (8.0.0-Mx) as of mid-2026
Tied to earlier Spring Boot 3.5.x generationTied to Spring Boot 4.0 and Spring Framework 7.0
Developed partly outside full ASF governanceFirst release cycle developed entirely under Apache Software Foundation governance
Recommended for production todayRecommended for evaluation and migration planning, not yet production, until GA

The practical guidance from the project itself is explicit: teams should treat 8.0.x milestones as preview builds for evaluation, not production, until the 8.0.0 GA release, and organizations still on Grails 6.x are advised to upgrade to the latest Grails 7 release first, before the underlying Spring Boot 3.5.x line reaches end-of-life on June 30, 2026.

As of mid-2026, which Grails line is recommended for production use?
What underlying Spring stack is Grails 8 specifically tied to?

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What is Apache Grails? What is GORM? What is a Grails domain class? What is a Grails controller? What is a Groovy Server Page (GSP)? What is convention-over-configuration in Grails? What is a dynamic finder in GORM? What is Grails Forge? What is the Grails Wrapper (grailsw)? What is a Grails service? What are the types of environments Grails supports? What is scaffolding in Grails? What is a Grails plugin? Define GORM Data Services? How do you create a new Grails application using Grails Forge? Why did Grails move under the Apache Software Foundation? Why do we use GORM instead of writing raw SQL/JDBC? How does Grails apply convention-over-configuration to map URLs to controllers? What is the difference between Grails 7 and Grails 8? When should you use GORM Data Services instead of dynamic finders? What is the difference between a dynamic finder and a criteria query? What happens when a domain class fails validation in Grails? What is the difference between a Grails controller and a Grails service? Which is better for a new project in 2026: Grails 7 or Grails 8, and why? How can you optimize GORM queries to avoid the N+1 problem? How do you troubleshoot a LazyInitializationException in a Grails application? Explain the lifecycle of a request in a Grails application? Explain the execution flow of a GORM save() call under the hood? Explain the internal working of GORM Data Services? What is the difference between an interceptor and a filter in Grails? Why should you mark long-running database work with @Transactional at the service layer? What is a Grails command object? How does Grails integrate with Spring Security? What is the difference between static and dynamic scaffolding in Grails? How does Grails support internationalization (i18n)? Explain the internal working of Grails' convention-based URL mapping? What is the difference between Grails profiles like "web" and "rest-api"? How do you enforce validation constraints on a Grails domain class? What is the role of the asset-pipeline plugin in Grails? How does Grails support database migrations? Explain the sequence of events when a GSP page is rendered? What is the difference between GORM criteria queries and HQL? How do you configure multi-tenancy in a Grails application with GORM? What is the difference between Grails' component model and Spring Boot's plain REST controller approach? Explain how Grails' dependency injection works with Spring beans? How do you write unit and integration tests for a Grails application? What is the difference between unit tests and integration tests in Grails testing? Explain the internal working of a GORM dynamic finder at runtime? What is the difference between Apache Grails and Ruby on Rails? Explain how GORM's optimistic locking prevents concurrent update conflicts?
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