What is a message broker?

A message broker is a middleware server that receives messages from producers, stores them temporarily, and routes them to the correct consumers. It handles concerns like message persistence, delivery guarantees, retry logic, and protocol translation so applications on either end don't have to implement this plumbing themselves.

ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, and Kafka are all message brokers, though they differ in delivery model and performance characteristics. In practice, a broker lets a slow or temporarily unavailable consumer catch up later without the producer being blocked or losing data.

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