What is JPQL vs HQL in Hibernate 7?

// JPQL (standard):
EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
List<Product> p = em
    .createQuery("SELECT p FROM Product p WHERE p.price < :max", Product.class)
    .setParameter("max", new BigDecimal("100"))
    .getResultList();

// HQL shorthand (Hibernate-specific):
List<Product> p2 = session
    .createQuery("FROM Product WHERE price < :max", Product.class)
    .setParameter("max", new BigDecimal("100"))
    .getResultList();

// HQL-only: regexp
List<Product> re = session
    .createQuery("FROM Product WHERE name regexp :pat", Product.class)
    .setParameter("pat", "^(Laptop|Phone)").getResultList();

// UNION (supported in both JPQL 3.2 and HQL):
List<Object[]> combined = session.createQuery(
    "SELECT p.id, p.name FROM Product p WHERE p.category = :cat "
    + "UNION "
    + "SELECT s.id, s.name FROM Service s WHERE s.category = :cat",
    Object[].class).setParameter("cat", "tech").getResultList();