How does TanStack Router handle route-level errors and loading states?

Each route accepts errorComponent and pendingComponent. When a loader throws, errorComponent renders instead of the page — no flash of protected content, no try/catch in every component.

import { createRoute }       from "@tanstack/vue-router"
import { defineComponent, h } from "vue"

const RouteError=defineComponent({
  props: { error:{ type:Error, required:true } },
  setup(props){
    return ()=>h("div",null,[
      h("h2","Something went wrong"),
      h("p",props.error.message),
    ])
  },
})
const RoutePending=defineComponent({
  setup:()=>()=>h("div","Loading..."),
})

export const userDetailRoute=createRoute({
  getParentRoute: ()=>rootRoute,
  path:           "/users/$userId",
  component:      UserDetailPage,
  pendingComponent: RoutePending,
  pendingMs:        200,   // only show pending if loader > 200 ms — avoids flash
  errorComponent:   RouteError,
  loader: async ({ params })=>{
    const user=await fetchUser(Number(params.userId))
    if(!user) throw new Error("User not found")
    return { user }
  },
})

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