DataStructures / System Design
Explain 12-Factor App methodology.
The Twelve(12)-Factor App methodology is a methodology for building software-as-a-service applications. These best practices are designed to enable applications to be built with portability and resilience when deployed to the web.
| Factor. | Description. |
| Codebase | There should be exactly one codebase for a deployed service with the codebase being used for many deployments. |
| Dependencies | All dependencies should be declared, with no implicit reliance on system tools or libraries. |
| Config | Configuration that varies between deployments should be stored in the environment. |
| Backing services | All backing services are treated as attached resources and attached and detached by the execution environment. |
| Build, release, run | The delivery pipeline should strictly consist of build, release, run. |
| Processes | Applications should be deployed as one or more stateless processes with persisted data stored on a backing service. |
| Port binding | Self-contained services should make themselves available to other services by specified ports. |
| Concurrency | Concurrency is advocated by scaling individual processes. |
| Disposability | Fast startup and shutdown are advocated for a more robust and resilient system. |
| Dev/Prod parity | All environments should be as similar as possible. |
| Logs | Applications should produce logs as event streams and leave the execution environment to aggregate. |
| Admin Processes | Any needed admin tasks should be kept in source control and packaged with the application. |
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