DataStructures / System Design
Explain Command injection.
Command injections attacks exploit application functionality that makes system calls or commands using untrusted data.
Attacks become possible when an application passes unsafe user-supplied data such as forms, cookies, and HTTP headers to the system as part of a shell command. This type of security lapse occurs due to poor security architecture. While input validation can help prevent successful attacks, the failure to keep data isolated from code is the source of risk.
When attacks occur on an application server, this may compromise the server or result in data exposure.
To mitigate command injection risk:
- Do not pass untrusted data to system calls or commands.
- Validate untrusted data against a whitelist and encode data to protect again problematic characters.
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