How does embedding help a struct satisfy an interface?

When a struct embeds another type, it promotes the embedded type's methods. If those promoted methods complete an interface's method set, the outer struct implicitly satisfies the interface — without writing any wrapper code.

type Sayer interface{ Say() string }

type Greeter struct{}
func (g Greeter) Say() string { return "Hello!" }

// By embedding Greeter, Robot satisfies Sayer without implementing Say itself
type Robot struct {
    Greeter           // promotes Say()
    Model string
}

var s Sayer = Robot{Greeter: Greeter{}, Model: "R2D2"}
fmt.Println(s.Say()) // Hello! — dispatched to Greeter.Say()

// Override: Robot can provide its own Say() to shadow the promoted one
func (r Robot) Say() string { return "Beep boop from " + r.Model }
// Now Robot.Say() is called, not Greeter.Say()

// Partial interface satisfaction via embedding
type ReadWriter interface {
    Read(p []byte)  (int, error)
    Write(p []byte) (int, error)
}

type MyBuffer struct {
    bytes.Buffer   // provides both Read and Write
}

var rw ReadWriter = &MyBuffer{} // satisfied via embedded bytes.Buffer

// Embedding an interface inside a struct
// (used to implement partial/stub implementations in tests)
type MockDB struct {
    Database // interface embedded — zero value methods panic
}
// Override only the methods you care about in the test
func (m MockDB) Query(sql string) (Rows, error) { return testRows, nil }

Embedding an interface inside a struct is an advanced pattern: all the interface methods are promoted and the zero value is nil (all methods panic). Override only the methods needed for a test — a compact way to implement a partial mock without satisfying every method of a large interface.

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