What are the fundamental data types in Go?

Go has a concise but complete set of built-in primitive types. Choosing the right type — especially between int and sized integers, and between float32 and float64 — matters for correctness and interoperability.

var i   int     = 42
var f   float64 = 3.14159
var b   byte    = 255        // alias for uint8
var r   rune    = '⚡'       // alias for int32 — Unicode code point
var str string  = "Hello, 世界"

// Type conversions are ALWAYS explicit — no implicit casting
var x int = 100
var y float64 = float64(x)   // must be explicit
var z int = int(y)            // truncates decimal part

// String byte count vs character count (UTF-8)
fmt.Println(len(str))             // 13 bytes
fmt.Println(len([]rune(str)))     // 9 runes/characters

// Constants are untyped by default — flexible in expressions
const Pi = 3.14159
const MaxItems = 1000

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