What are security groups in AWS?

A security group acts as a virtual firewall for your EC2 instances to control incoming and outgoing traffic. Inbound rules control the incoming traffic and outbound rules control the outgoing traffic for your instance. When Amazon EC2 decides whether to allow traffic to reach an instance, it evaluates all of the rules from all of the security groups that are associated with the instance.

You can add rules to each security group that allows traffic to or from its associated instances. You can modify the rules for a security group at any time. New and modified rules are automatically applied to all instances that are associated with the security group.

When you launch an instance, you can specify one or more security groups. If you don't specify a security group, Amazon EC2 uses the default security group.

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